Pemulihan Agensi dalam Yohanes 5:1–14 : Pembacaan Hermeneutika Disabilitas melalui Tafsir Sosio-Retoris Vernon K. Robbins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64005/jtpk.v4i2.285Keywords:
Yohanes 5:1–14, hermeneutika disabilitas, tafsir sosio-retoris, critical realism, pemulihan agensi, partisipasi, solidaritas.Abstract
This article reads John 5:1–14 through disability hermeneutics, using Vernon K. Robbins’s socio-rhetorical interpretation as its primary analytical framework and Sarah J. Melcher’s critical realism as its conceptual lens. It argues that the healing at the pool of Bethesda cannot be reduced to physical restoration alone, but must be understood in relation to social and religious structures that restrict agency, reinforce marginalization, and shape access to participation. Through an analysis of inner texture, intertexture, social and cultural texture, ideological texture, and sacred texture, this study shows that Jesus’ question, command, and the ensuing Sabbath controversy construct healing as the restoration of agency rather than merely the normalization of the body. In this way, John 5:1–14 emerges as a theological narrative in which disability is read as a relational reality shaped by vulnerability, exclusion, restored participation, and the possibility of solidarity.
Artikel ini menafsirkan Yohanes 5:1–14 melalui hermeneutika disabilitas dengan memakai tafsir sosio-retoris Vernon K. Robbins sebagai kerangka analitis utama dan critical realism Sarah J. Melcher sebagai bingkai konseptual. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kisah penyembuhan di kolam Bethesda tidak dapat direduksi pada pemulihan fisik semata, tetapi harus dipahami dalam kaitannya dengan struktur sosial dan religius yang membatasi agensi, mempertahankan marginalisasi, dan membentuk akses terhadap partisipasi. Melalui analisis inner texture, intertexture, social and cultural texture, ideological texture, dan sacred texture, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertanyaan, perintah, dan konflik Sabat yang menyusul mengonstruksi penyembuhan sebagai pemulihan agensi, bukan sekadar normalisasi tubuh. Dengan demikian, Yohanes 5:1–14 tampil sebagai narasi teologis yang membaca disabilitas sebagai realitas relasional yang dibentuk oleh kerentanan, eksklusi, pemulihan partisipasi, dan kemungkinan solidaritas.
References
Avalos, Hector, Sarah J. Melcher, and Jeremy Schipper. This Abled Body: Rethinking Disabilities in Biblical Studies. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2007.
Brodie, Thomas L. The Gospel According to John: A Literary and Theological Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Bryan, Steven M. “Power in the Pool: The Healing of the Man at Bethesda and Jesus’ Violation of the Sabbath (Jn. 5:1–18).” Tyndale Bulletin 54, no. 2 (2003): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.30251
Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Leicester, England: Apollos; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1991.
Eiesland, Nancy L. The Disabled God: Toward a Liberatory Theology of Disability. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994.
Fox, Bethany McKinney. Disability and the Way of Jesus: Holistic Healing in the Gospels and the Church. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2019.
Haenchen, Ernst. John 1: A Commentary on the Gospel of John, Chapters 1–6. Translated by Robert W. Funk. Edited by Robert W. Funk with Ulrich Busse. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984.
Jacober, Amy E. Redefining Perfect: The Interplay Between Theology and Disability. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2017.
Junior, Nyasha, and Jeremy Schipper. “Disability Studies and the Bible.” In New Meanings for Ancient Texts: Recent Approaches to Biblical Criticisms and Their Applications, edited by Steven L. McKenzie and John Kaltner, 21–34. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2013.
Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John: A Commentary. Vol. 1. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2003.
Koester, Craig R. Symbolism in the Fourth Gospel: Meaning, Mystery, Community. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.
———. The Word of Life: A Theology of John’s Gospel. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.
Malina, Bruce J. The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology. Rev. ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1993.
Malina, Bruce J., and Richard L. Rohrbaugh. Social-Science Commentary on the Gospel of John. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998.
Martin, Helena L. “In Defense of the Disabled Man at the Bethesda Fountain (John 5:1–15).” Biblical Interpretation 30 (2022): 246–264. DOI: 10.1163/15685152-20211625
McKenny, Gerald. “Disability and the Christian Ethics of Solidarity.” Fu Jen International Religious Studies 6, no. 1 (Summer 2012): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.29448/FJIRS.201206.0001
Melcher, Sarah J. Prophetic Disability: Divine Sovereignty and Human Bodies in the Hebrew Bible. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2022.
Michaels, J. Ramsey. John. Understanding the Bible Commentary Series. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2011.
Moloney, Francis J. The Gospel of John. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1998.
Morris, Leon. The Gospel according to John. Rev. ed. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.
Neyrey, Jerome H. The Gospel of John in Cultural and Rhetorical Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007.
Oswalt, John N. The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1–39. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1986.
Reynolds, Thomas E. Vulnerable Communion: A Theology of Disability and Hospitality. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2008.
Robbins, Vernon K. Exploring the Texture of Texts: A Guide to Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1996.
Setyawan, Yusak B. “Membaca Alkitab dalam Perspektif Difabilitas: Menuju Hermeneutik Difabilitas.” In Prosiding Seminar dan Lokakarya: Diskursus Difabilitas dalam Pendidikan Teologi dan Pelayanan Gereja di Indonesia, 2013.
Siebers, Tobin. Disability Theory. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
Swai, Emma. “A Metanarrative of Disability in John 5.” Journal for Interdisciplinary Biblical Studies 5, no. 3 (2024): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.17613/stc2-0j50
Webb-Mitchell, Brett. Beyond Accessibility: Toward Full Inclusion of People with Disabilities in Faith Communities. New York: Church Publishing, 2010.
White, P. “The Biblical View of Humanity and the Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: The Call and Mission of the Church.” Acta Theologica 37, no. 1 (2017): 120–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v37i1.8
Yong, Amos. The Bible, Disability, and the Church: A New Vision of the People of God. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011.
